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Using a VPN is a terrific way to shield your internet traffic when you are traveling, but it is not a solution for encrypting your local files. .
When the FBI needed information from the San Bernardino shot's iPhone, they asked Apple to get a back door to get beyond the encryption. But no such back door existed, and Apple refused to create one. The FBI had to hire hackers to get into the phone.
Why wouldn't Apple help Because the moment a back door or similar hack exists, it becomes a target, a prize for the poor guys. It'll leak sooner or later. In a discussion at Black Hat last summer, Apple's Ivan Krstic revealed that the company has done something similar in their cryptographic servers.
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Apple can't update thembut the bad guys can't get in either. .
Back in the day, in the event that you wanted to maintain a document key you can use a cipher to encrypt it and then burn the original. Or you might lock it up in a safe. The two main approaches in encryption utilities parallel with those options.
One type of product simply procedures files and folders, turning them into impenetrable encrypted versions of these. The other creates a virtual disc drive that, when open, acts like any other drive on your system. When you lock the digital drive, all of the documents that you put into it are completely inaccessible. .
Similar to the digital drive solution, some products save your encrypted data in the cloud. This approach requires extreme care, obviously. Encrypted information in the cloud has a far bigger attack surface than encrypted data on your own PC.
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Which is better It actually depends on how you plan to use encryption. If you're not sure, take advantage of the 30-day free trial provided by each of those products to have a sense of the different options.
After you copy a document into protected storage, or create an encrypted version of it, then you definitely need to wipe the unencrypted original. Just deleting it isn't check that sufficient, even if you bypass the Recycle Bin, since the information still exists on disc, and data retrieval utilities can often get it back. .
Some encryption products prevent this issue by encrypting the file in location, literally overwriting it on disc using an encrypted version. It's more common, however, to offer secure deletion as an option. If you select a product that lacks this feature, you should find a free secure deletion tool to use along with it. .
Overwriting information before deletion is sufficient to balk software-based retrieval tools. Hardware-based forensic recovery works because the magnetic recording of information on a hard drive isn't actually digital. It's more of a waveform. In simple terms, the procedure involves nulling out the known data and reading around the edges of what is left.
An encryption algorithm is like a black box. Dump a document, image, or other file into it, and you get back what sounds like gibberish. Run that gibberish back through the box, with the same password, and you get back the original.
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The U.S. government has depended on Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) as a standard, and every one of the products gathered here service AES. Even those that support other calculations tend to recommend using AES.
If you are an encryption expert, you might want another algorithm, Blowfish, perhaps, or the Soviet government's GOST. For the typical consumer, however, AES is just fine.
Passwords are important, and you must keep them secret, right Well, not when you use Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) cryptography.
With PKI, you get two keys. One is public; you can discuss it with anyone, enroll it in a key exchange, tattoo it on your foreheadwhatever you prefer. The other is private, and should be carefully guarded. If I want to send you a key document, I simply encrypt it with your public key.
Simple! .
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Using this system in reverse, you can make a digital signature which proves your document came from you and hasn't been altered. How Just encrypt it with your private key. The simple fact that your public key decrypts it's all of the proof you need. PKI service is less common than support for traditional symmetric algorithms. .
If you want to talk about a file with someone and your encryption application doesn't support PKI, there are other options for sharing. Many products enable creation of a self-decrypting executable file. You could also find that the recipient can use a free, decryption-only tool.